Understanding the Difference between Piles and Anal Fistula

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Are you suffering from discomfort in the anal area and wondering what could be causing it? Well, you're not alone. Many people experience anal problems at some point in their lives, and two common conditions that often get confused are piles and anal fistula. Understanding the difference between the two is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. Piles, also known as haemorrhoids, are swollen blood vessels in the anus or rectum, causing pain, itching, and sometimes bleeding. On the other hand, an anal fistula is an abnormal tunnel that forms between the anal canal and the skin around the anus, resulting in persistent discharge and recurrent abscesses. While both can be uncomfortable and distressing, knowing the distinction between piles and anal fistula can help you seek the right medical attention and find relief. In this article, we will delve into the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for these conditions, providing you with the knowledge to make informed decisions about your health.

What are piles?

Piles, also known as haemorrhoids, are swollen blood vessels in the anus or rectum. They can occur internally inside the rectum or externally around the anus. There are various factors that can contribute to the development of piles, including chronic constipation, prolonged sitting or standing, obesity, pregnancy, and straining during bowel movements. The symptoms of piles can vary, but common signs include pain or discomfort, itching, swelling, and sometimes bleeding during bowel movements. Depending on the severity, piles can be classified into different grades.

• Symptoms and causes of piles

The symptoms of piles can vary depending on the location and severity of the condition. Internal piles are usually painless but can cause bleeding during bowel movements. On the other hand, external piles can be painful and cause discomfort, itching, and swelling around the anus. Piles can be caused by increased pressure on the blood vessels in the rectal area. This pressure can be a result of straining during bowel movements, chronic constipation, or sitting or standing for long periods. Obesity and pregnancy can also contribute to the development of piles.

• Types of piles

Piles can be classified into four different grades based on their severity. Grade 1 piles are small swellings on the inside lining of the anus and are usually not visible or felt. Grade 2 piles are larger than grade 1 piles but remain inside the anus and may protrude during bowel movements. Grade 3 piles protrude outside the anus during bowel movements but can be manually pushed back in. Grade 4 piles are permanently prolapsed and cannot be manually pushed back in. Understanding the grade of your piles is important for determining the most appropriate treatment option.

• Diagnosing and treating piles

To diagnose piles, a medical professional will typically perform a physical examination of the anus and rectum. This may involve a visual inspection or the use of a proctoscope or anoscope to examine the internal structures. In some cases, additional tests such as a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy may be required to rule out other conditions. The treatment options for piles depend on the severity and symptoms. Mild cases can often be managed through lifestyle changes, such as increasing fibre intake, drinking plenty of fluids, and avoiding straining during bowel movements. Over-the-counter creams, ointments, and suppositories may also provide relief. In more severe cases, procedures like rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy, Laser treatment or Open surgery are necessary.